Viy A Classic Russian Film Essay Example

Viy: A Classic Russian Film Paper Viy. Dir. Konstantin Ershov and Georgiy Kropachyov. Perf. Leonid Kuravlyov, Natalya Varley, Aleksey Glazyrin. Mosfilm Studios, 1967. Youtube. Web. 12 Nov. 2015. . Viy is a Russian film directed by both Konstantin Ershov and Georgi Kropachyov in 1967 which has a mix of comedy, horror, and fantasy undertones throughout the movie. This film adaptation was taken from Nikolai Gogol’s 1835 original story Viy and was found and watched on Youtube and the story itself was found and read online to compare the two adaptations for this review. It is in full color and has many visual effects which were considered advanced at the time of its making. Gogol is a â€Å"Ukrainian-born Russian humorist, dramatist, and novelist† (Lavrin) whose popular novel and short story (Dead Souls, The Overcoat) â€Å"are considered the foundations of the great 19th-century tradition of Russian realism† (Lavrin). He is also very popular among Russian history because he is â€Å"deemed by many as the Father of Russias Golden Age of Realism† (Merriman) and is known to have influence Dostoevsky himself (Merriman). We will write a custom essay sample on Viy: A Classic Russian Film specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Viy: A Classic Russian Film specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Viy: A Classic Russian Film specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Viy starts off with a scene where young religious scholars are seen being let out from church for their â€Å"break† where they all run out and cause chaos throughout the market place. This scene has a comical sense to it which was carried out throughout the rest of the film where we see Khoma (a young religious scholar in training and one of the main characters played by Leonid Kuravlyov) being an aloof and somewhat alcoholic character who’s luck turns for the worst. The movie heavily implies Christian religious views which were popular through all of Russia at the time and is somewhat taboo because it mixed paganism with Christianity. The film then leads into the catalytic scene where Khoma and his two friends try to make it home in the dark but are stranded in a field until they come upon a little house. Attemp

Eastern Gary Kangaroo essays

Eastern Gary Kangaroo essays The Eastern grey kangaroo is in the Animalia kingdom. The phylum they belong to is the Chordata phylum. The class they belong to is the Mamalia class. The Diprotodontia is the order they belong to. The family they are a part of is the Macropodidae family. The Eastern gray Kangaroos scientific name is Macropus giganteus. They live in eastern Australia and the Tasmania Islands. The average rainfall is around 150-300mm. Eastern Grey Kangaroos live in wet areas. They live on the grass lands, forests and woodlands. They graze on strips of land called a home range.. Since they eat dry grass they drink much water. They mostly sleep in the shade under trees because of the heat. Eastern grey kangaroos are well adapted to their environment both behavioral and physiological. To keep from over heating they sleep during hot days and then go out to eat in late afternoon and early morning. They also can dig holes, so they can sleep in the cool soil. They have large dark eyes which gives them very accurate sight. Their ears can turn in any direction so they can pick up the faintest noise. The also have a good sense of smell. When they sense any danger at all they stomp the ground very hard to warn the other kangaroos of danger. They have specially designed tendons that stretch when they hop so they use up little energy hen they hop, so they can go for a long time to escape danger. They also have the ability to balance their weight on the tail to give a strong and deadly kick to other males and predators. Their tail also helps them balance when then hopping. The eating habits of an Eastern Kangaroo are mostly made of dry grass and shrubs. They graze on farmers property with the sheep and sometimes get shot for it. They do not eat very thick water grass at all. They do no eat it because it takes to much room up in their stomach. Eastern kangaroos have no natural day large predator. Their ears and eyes though suggest that the...

Case Study of Kathleen Johnson Samples

The report reviews the case study of Kathleen Johnson, a 45 year old woman with obesity and Type 2 diabetes. Due to the problem of overweight and challenges in managing appearance, she was admitted to the hospital for sleeve gastrectomy surgery. The report discusses about the etiology and pathophysiology of patient’s presenting condition (obesity) and then reviews her observation after 2 hours in post-anesthetic recovery room (PARU) to detect deterioration and the pathophysiology behind the deteriorating symptoms. Based on this justification, appropriate nursing management and role of interdisciplinary health care team to manage patient’s condition is provided. Since Kathleen has been admitted to the hospital for sleeve gastrectomy surgery, it is evident that obesity is main presenting condition in patient. Her BMI is 40kg/m 2 and due to weight gain and appearance issue, she had to undergo sleeve gastrectomy surgery. Obesity is a clinical condition leading to excessive deposition of fat or adipose tissue in the body of a person. Any person having a BMI of over 30 kg/m 2 is regarded as obese (Cummings & Cohen, 2016). The etiology of obesity involved multiple factors. For instance, metabolic factors, diet, genetic factor and physical activity level play a role in regulation of body weight. Although genetic factor also plays a role in risk of obesity, however behavioral, environmental, physiological and socio-cultural factors also increase energy balance and contribute to obesity. The most common behavioral and environmental risk factor obesity includes sedentary lifestyle, excess energy intake and poor physical activity (Saunders, Chaput & Tremblay, 2014). Social link to increase in weight includes impact of parent lifestyle and food habits on health behavior of children and youths Increase in weight is associated with other comorbidities such as insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Bray 2014). Kathleen is a patient with type 2 diabetes and struggling to control her diet and blood sugar level. To prevent risk of other complication, weight loss surgery was important for her. From the etiology of obesity, it is understood that genetic as well behavioral factors increase the risk of excess fat deposit in patient. The adipocyte is the main cellular basis for obesity and increased in size or number of these cells contributes to obesity. Although in normal condition, fat is stored in the body for survival during starved state. However, when a person takes high energy food in large amount, it results in excessive storage of fat and the end result for which is obesity (Goossens & Blaak, 2015). Hence, the cause begin obesity is high calorie food and the cellular basis for obesity is the adipocyte. In case of Kathleen, her obesity was untreated before the surgery. Although she was gaining weight, she had not taken any preventive steps to control the condition. For this reason, opting for sleeve gastrectomy was a necessary option for her to manage her condition. Obesity mainly contributes to metabolic dysfunction and damages the function of cardiac, liver, endocri ne and intestinal gland if it left untreated (Saltiel & Olefsky, 2017). Hence, bariatric surgery is the best option for obesity management. Evidence has shown that bariatric surgery leads to weight loss and contributes to improvement in metabolic disorders like diabetes too (Reges et al., 2018). Sleeve gastrectomy is also one of the bariatric surgeries that promotes weight loss and improved gyclemic control in patient (Fuchs et al., 2017).   Therefore, by opting for surgical option, Kathleen can improve her symptoms related to diabetes too. Pathophysiology of patient’s post-operative deterioration Kathleen observation after two hours in the PARU revealed several deteriorating signs and symptoms. For instance, Kathleen respiratory rate was 28 breaths per minute whereas pulse rate was 130 beats per minute. By comparing these vitals signs with normal parameters, it can be said that respiratory rate of patient is abnormally high as normal respiratory rate is 12-20 breaths/min. His pulse rate is also an area of concern as it is above the normal value of 60-100 beats/min. Such abnormalities in Kathleen’s respiratory and pulse rate might have occurred due to the effect of obesity, smoking and alcohol consumption in patient. Obesity is highly associated with respiratory complication in obese patient. Obese patients tend to have higher respiratory rate because of the impact on lung function (Pepin et al, 2016). Abdominal obesity and lung dysnfunction affects systemic inflammation thus leading to respiratory disorder in patient (Oppenheimer et al., 2014). The review of Kathleenâ €™s history revealed that he was heavy smoker and consumed four bottles bear every night. Cigarette smoking is one factor that has an impact on pulse rate, breathing rate and oxygen consumption of an individual. This occurs because the chemical found in cigarette aggravates the cilia, leads to the deposition of tar and narrows the air passage. Such change in the lung is reason for abnormal respiratory rate in patient (Papathanasio et al., 2013). Hence, patient’s presenting condition exacerbated his vital signs post operation. The review of other vital signs in patient included blood pressure of 190/100 min. This clearly indicates that Kathleen was hypertensive. The likelihood of hypertension might have increased in patient due to the effect of surgery as well as due to obesity. Overweight and obese patients are more likely to suffer from hypertension. Such association between obesity and hypertension is seen due to the impact of obesity on metabolic functions. Other mechanisms linking obesity to hypertension includes endothelial and vascular impairment, neuro-endocrine imbalance, maladaptive immune response and dietary factors (DeMarco, Aroor & Sowers, 2014). This explanation confirms that obesity is the reason for deteriorating post-operative sign for Kathleen. Other factors that might have contributed to high blood pressure for patient includes smoking and diabetes. The link between diabetes and hypertension has been established because both have common pathways such as inflammation, oxidative stress an d insulin resistance. Low-grade inflammatory response and insulin resistant increased in type 2 diabetes patient thus contributing to hypertension (Lingam et al., 2018). As Kathleen had undergone sleeve gastrectomy surgery and effect of anesthesia and surgery might have also lead to hypertension in patient (Brethauer et al., 2015). Another sign of post operative deterioration found in Kathleen was low urine output and pain score in patient. Kathleen’s indwelling urinary catheter (IDC) volume was 5mls in the last hour, although the normal urine output per hour is 50-60 mL. Surgery is one of the reasons for low urine output. Surgical blood loss and dehydration in patient decreases urine output and lead to acute kidney injury on surgery patients. Poor renal perfusion and decreased urine output are common complication seen in the post anesthesia care unit (Canales & Hatch, 2014). Hence, the reason for such clinical deterioration in patient is clear. Another parameter that was affected for patient post operatively was her pain score. Kathleen’s pain score was 7/10 and the severity of the pain might also be the reason for presence of abnormal BP and respiratory rate. Blood pressure of Kathleen might have increased due to effect of pain. Pain promotes sympathetic activity thus leading to high blood press ure (Laquian et al., 2018).   Hence, while deciding treatment for patient, the effect of pain on other vital signs must be carefully examined. Based on analysis of post-operative deterioration in patient, the main care priorities for patient are management of abnormal vital signs of patient hypertension, pain score and respiratory rate and low urine output). Since Kathleen is obese and has diabetes, hence it is necessary to improve respiratory and vascular function as leaving these sign untreated may further complicate his condition (Mahajan, Lau & Sanders, 2015). The management of hypertension can be done by providing hypertensive medication to patient. After consultation with physician, the nurse can provide beta-blockers or angiotensive converting enzyme inhibitors to control his blood pressure (Wolf et al., 2016). To promote recovery in patient, the nurse also need to focus on dietary changes so that blood sugar level is maintained. Due to high pulse rate and respiratory rate, the patient may have ineffective breathing pattern. Hence, the care priority will be to assess respiratory rate and monitor ventilation status of Kathleen regularly. The rate and depth of respiration and need for oxygenation can also be examined. To provide comfort to patient, proper body alignment should be maintained too (Gordon, 2014). To address the issue of low urine output, there is a need to provide both fluid and drug therapy to prevent dehydration. During gastrectomy, some parts of her stomach were removed. Hence, it will be necessary to monitor wound healing and prevent signs of infection in patient. Apart from clinical intervention for management of vital signs, another care priority is to provide health education to patient so that Kathleen could be motivated to make changes in her lifestyle and eating habits. Since she is a smoker and consumer, making her quit both is necessary to maintain her health in the long term. Smoking has deleterious impact on obese patient and those with obesity (Lycett et al., 2015). Hence, the nurse needs to make Kathleen aware about the harmful effect of smoking on alcohol consumption on her metabolic and respiratory function. After this education, the patient can be supported to quit smoking by means of nicotine replacement therapy. Apart from nurses and medical team, the contribution of dietician is necessary to help Kathleen take low calorie foods and avoid food containing high amount of salt and sugar. Dietary intervention can reduce risk of diabetes related complication and prevent patient from gaining weight. Secondly, the involvement of physiotherapist is necessary as due to surgery, her mobility is affected. By collaborating with physiotherapist, Kathleen can learn to do exercise so that she can build her muscle strength. The role of a bariatric consultant is also necessary to educate Kathleen about her care needs and ways to manage her wound after discharged (Torti et al., 2017). The report discussed about the process of planning care for Kathleen by examining her medical history and discussing about the pathophysiology of obesity. The etiology and pathophysiology of obesity gives the insight that presence of various risk factors predisposed patient to obesity. The review of deterioration in vital signs and justifying them with the path physiology also helped to understand the mechanism by which Kathleen faced such clinical deterioration in patient. To enhance recovery in patient, proper collaboration between inter-professional team is necessary too. Bray, G. A. (2014). Obesity in adults: Etiology and natural history.  Pi-Sunyer FX, Mulder JE (eds). Brethauer, S. A., Kim, J., El Chaar, M., Papasavas, P., Eisenberg, D., Rogers, A., ... & Kothari, S. (2015). Standardized outcomes reporting in metabolic and bariatric surgery.  Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases,  11(3), 489-506. Canales, B. K., & Hatch, M. (2014). Kidney stone incidence and metabolic urinary changes after modern bariatric surgery: review of clinical studies, experimental models, and prevention strategies.  Surgery for Obesity and Related Diseases,  10(4), 734-742. Cummings, D. E., & Cohen, R. V. (2016). Bariatric/metabolic surgery to treat type 2 diabetes in patients with a BMI< 35 kg/m2.  Diabetes Care,  39(6), 924-933. DeMarco, V. G., Aroor, A. R., & Sowers, J. R. (2014). The pathophysiology of hypertension in patients with obesity.  Nature Reviews Endocrinology,  10(6), 364. Fuchs, T., Loureiro, M., Both, G. H., skraba, H. H., & Costa-casagrande, T. A. (2017). The role of the sleeve gastrectomy and the management of type 2 diabetes.  ABCD. Arquivos Brasileiros de Cirurgia Digestiva (Sà £o Paulo),  30(4), 283-286. Goossens, G. H., & Blaak, E. E. (2015). Adipose tissue dysfunction and impaired metabolic health in human obesity: a matter of oxygen?.  Frontiers in endocrinology,  6, 55. Gordon, M. (2014).  Manual of nursing diagnosis. Jones & Bartlett Publishers. Laquian, L., Scali, S. T., Beaver, T. M., Kubilis, P., Beck, A. W., Giles, K., ... & Feezor, R. J. (2018). Outcomes of Thoracic Endovascular Aortic Repair for Acute Type B Dissection in Patients With Intractable Pain or Refractory Hypertension.  Journal of Endovascular Therapy,  25(2), 220-229. Lingam, S., Rani, P., Sheeladevi, S., Kotapati, V., & Das, T. (2018). Knowledge, attitude and practices on diabetes, hypertension and diabetic retinopathy and the factors that motivate screening for diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a pyramidal model of eye health care.  Rural and remote health,  18(1), 4304-4304. Lycett, D., Nichols, L., Ryan, R., Farley, A., Roalfe, A., Mohammed, M. A., ... & Aveyard, P. (2015). The association between smoking cessation and glycaemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a THIN database cohort study.  The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology,  3(6), 423-430. Mahajan, R., Lau, D. H., & Sanders, P. (2015). Impact of obesity on cardiac metabolism, fibrosis, and function.  Trends in cardiovascular medicine,  25(2), 119-126. Oppenheimer, B. W., Berger, K. I., Segal, L. N., Stabile, A., Coles, K. D., Parikh, M., & Goldring, R. M. (2014). Airway dysfunction in obesity: response to voluntary restoration of end expiratory lung volume.  PLOS one,  9(2), e88015. Papathanasiou, G., Georgakopoulos, D., Papageorgiou, E., Zerva, E., Michalis, L., Kalfakakou, V., & Evangelou, A. (2013). Effects of smoking on heart rate at rest and during exercise, and on heart rate recovery, in young adults.  Hellenic J Cardiol,  54(3), 168-177. Pà ©pin, J. L., Timsit, J. F., Tamisier, R., Borel, J. C., Là ©vy, P., & Jaber, S. (2016). Prevention and care of respiratory failure in obese patients.  The Lancet Respiratory medicine,  4(5), 407-418. Reges, O., Greenland, P., Dicker, D., Leibowitz, M., Hoshen, M., Gofer, I., ... & Balicer, R. D. (2018). Association of Bariatric Surgery Using Laparoscopic Banding, Roux-en-Y Gastric Bypass, or Laparoscopic Sleeve Gastrectomy vs Usual Care Obesity Management With All-Cause Mortality.  Jama,  319(3), 279-290. Saltiel, A. R., & Olefsky, J. M. (2017). Inflammatory mechanisms linking obesity and metabolic disease.  The Journal of clinical investigation,  127(1), 1-4. Saunders, T. J., Chaput, J. P., & Tremblay, M. S. (2014). Sedentary behaviour as an emerging risk factor for cardiometabolic diseases in children and youth.  Canadian journal of diabetes,  38(1), 53-61. Torti, J., Luig, T., Borowitz, M., Johnson, J. A., Sharma, A. M., & Campbell-Scherer, D. L. (2017). The 5As team patient study: patient perspectives on the role of primary care in obesity management.  BMC family practice,  18(1), 19. Wolf, J., Drozdowski, J., Czechowicz, K., Winklewski, P. J., Jassem, E., Kara, T., ... & Narkiewicz, K. (2016). Effect of beta-blocker therapy on heart rate response in patients with hypertension and newly diagnosed untreated obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.  International journal of cardiology,  202, 67-72.

Phone Message Questions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Phone Message Questions - Essay Example will allow me to pull up the patient file which will give me an idea of what kind of illness the patient is calling about and what her business with the doctor might be. If I am lucky, the patient record will also have a contact number for the patient in case the call gets dropped. After securing what I consider to be the two most important questions to be asked of a patient, I will then ask for a contact number and the reason for the call. The contact number should come in as the 3rd bit of information to be provided to me because I need a callback number just in case our conversation gets cut. Having completed the phone verification process, I will now be able to get down to the other matters concerning the call provided the call has not been dropped yet. I will then ask about the reason for the call or how I might be able to help the patient. If need be, I will confirm that the patient is using a cellular phone before I patch her through to her physician. I will give her a warning that if her call is disconnected, I will call her back and reconnect her since I have her current contact number on hand. Otherwise, I will be more than happy to forward her message to her physician once he becomes

Influence of media on public opinion and foreign policy formulation Essay

Influence of media on public opinion and foreign policy formulation - Essay Example The issue of public opinion and its influence in foreign policy making has been a matter of dispute between different schools of thought both during and since the Cold War.On the one hand, realists find public opinion volatile, emotional, lacking coherence and structure, and with little if any influence on foreign affairs. On the other, liberalists suggest that public opinion on international affairs is stable, sensibly structured, consistent, and influences foreign policy making in a ‘reciprocal relationship’. Hence, some leaders take into account the public opinion when making important decisions others ignore it (Guraziu, 2008, p.2) In most of the democratic countries, governments often consider public opinion seriously since they need the support of the public to stay in power. If they avoid or neglect public opinion, it is difficult for them to win future elections. On the other hand, in countries where communist or totalitarian administration prevails, governments often neglect the public opinion because of the superior power enjoy by such governments. Such governments often put some control over the media in order to block the media from spreading information against the government. For example, in communist China, all the television programs and internet coverage of incidents were strictly censored before displaying it in front of the public. The advancements in science and technology caused tremendous changes in every segment of human life. The introduction of computers, internet, television, mobile phones and other digital equipment has made drastic changes in the communication world. It is often said that the information is at the finger tips at present. Earlier, people relied heavily on newspapers for getting information and therefore they succeeded in getting only delayed information. At present it is possible for the public to see the live telecast of incidents. In other words, public are able to get the information as soon as it happ ens now. Instant communication helped the public to respond more effectively to the information they are receiving. â€Å"Media is all about connecting people and mirroring the society that we live in. Media is all about reflecting on daily happenings around the globe. People are not just the audience but also an essential element of news in itself† (What is the Importance of Public Opinion in Media, 2011). Moreover, â€Å"The media are the deliverers of a message, and through this message the audience comprehends and forms opinions on events. This makes the mass media both an opportunity and a threat for the sides engaged in a conflict†(Simons, 2008, p.79). Media plays an important role in influencing public opinion on various issues. â€Å"In the vein of political theorist V.O. Keyes, I believe that the validity of public opinion is only as good as the what the media leads them to believe†(Jones, 2008). In fact ordinary people may not bother much to analyze th e information when they receive it. Media helps them to understand the consequences of certain information because of the in depth analysis and coverage of news and information happens in the current media. For example, US foreign policy and the Middle East affairs undergo immense public debate only because of the micro level analysis of these topics by the media. Public opinion is a dominant force in American politics. Research produced by the Statistics Department in Washington for the end of the 1990's indicated that in one year the average American would: watch about 1000 hours of network television watch about 400 hours of cable television spend 150 hours reading a newspaper spend 100 hours reading magazines (Public Opinion, 2011) This paper analyses the influence of media in formulating public opinion and foreign policy, taking US foreign policy and the Middle East affairs as examples. Influence of Media on Middle East Affairs & US Foreign Policy Significantly, during a Senate committee meeting on American foreign

To kill a eraser Essay Example for Free

To kill a eraser Essay The architecture of the ancient Roman Empire is one of the most fascinating and amazing of all time. In ancient times, the city of Rome had more than one million residents. The ancient Romans made great use of architectural shapes like arcs and columns. One famous structure that comes to mind when people think of Rome is the Colosseum, which was originally called the Amphitheatrum Flavium. The Colosseum is one of the most memorable architectural monuments in the world. For hundreds of years, the Colosseum presented gladiatorial fights, wild animal fights, and other games that entertained the Roman citizens. The cruelty of the games displayed the power of Rome to the people. The history of the Colosseum symbolizes the power and the greatness of Rome. The construction of the Colosseum started in the aftermath of Emperor Nero’s extravagance and the rebellion of the Jews in Palestine. Emperor Nero built a golden house in the center of Rome for his pleasure after the great fire in 64 CE. Emperor Nero committed suicide as he faced a military uprising in 68 CE and the Roman Empire devolved into civil war. The victory in the civil war went to Emperor Vespasian. He then decided to build an amphitheater or pleasure palace to give pleasure to the people of Rome to help people forget the war. The Colosseum was to be built on the site of a lake in the gardens of Emperor Nero’s palace. It was the largest amphitheater in the Roman Empire and was capable of holding more than 50,000 spectators.1 There were over 250 amphitheaters in the Roman Empire at that time, but the Colosseum was the largest. The large number of amphitheaters in the Roman Empire indicates that they represented essential symbols of the Roman culture. Vespasian began construction of the Colosseum in 72 CE and it was finished in eight years later by Vespasian’s son, Emperor Titus.2 The Colosseum was officially known as the Amphitheatrum Flavium at first. After the Colosseum was finished, Titus sponsored the inaugural games in the arena, which lasted more than 100 days.3 Cassius Dio, a Roman historian, wrote that during the inaugural games in the Colosseum, more than 9,000 wild animals were killed.4 The Colosseum was used for many games, including gladiatorial combats and wild animal fights to pleasure the people of Rome. The gladiators of Rome were usually slaves, prisoners of war or criminals. However, some gladiators were volunteers who risked their legal and social standing and their lives by fighting in the arena. Gladiators were despised as slaves and they were treated very badly. They were even segregated when they died. Most of the gladiators were men, but there were a few female gladiators. One contest after another was staged in the course of a single day. When the ground of the Colosseum became too soaked with blood, it was covered with a fresh layer of sand and the battles continued. Cameron Hawkins, an assistant professor of history at the University of Chicago, estimates 5,000 gladiators could have been killed each year during the Roman Empire.5 The gladiatorial games in the Colosseum continued until Christianity progressively put an end to the entertainment that included the death of human beings. After four centuries of active use, the magnificent Colosseum faced severe problems, and until the 18th century it was used largely as a source of building materials. Over time the Colosseum was used for many things besides gladiatorial combat and wild animal fights. The Colosseum was occasionally filled with water to re-enact naval battles using gladiators. Experts do not agree on how this was achieved. However, Cassio Dio wrote: â€Å"Titus suddenly filled this same theatre with water and brought horses and bulls and some other domesticated animals that had been taught to behave in liquid element just as on land. He also brought in people in ships, who engaged in a sea-fight there, impersonating the Corcyreans and Corinthians.†6 By the late 6th century, the arena was used as a cemetery. Also some areas in the Colosseum became housing and workshops. Areas were rented out to people until the 12th century. Around 1200, the Frangipani family took over the Colosseum, fixed it, and used it as their castle. In the mid-13th century, the Colosseum was severely damaged by a great earthquake that caused parts of it to collapse. Much of the tumbled stone from the Colosseum were not used to rebuild the Colosseum. Instead, it was used to build palaces, churches, hospitals, and other buildings in Rome. A religious order moved in to the ruined Colosseum in the mid-14th century and used it as their headquarters until the early 19th century. The Colosseum was frequently damaged. In 217 CE, the Colosseum was badly  damaged by a great fire that was caused by lightning. This fire destroyed the wooden upper levels inside the Colosseum. The building was reopened after restoration in 222 CE. The Visigoths, a nomadic tribe of Germanic people, took control of Rome in 408 CE, and they damaged the Colosseum during their invasion and their occupation of the city. The Colosseum was damaged again when a major earthquake hit Rome in 443 CE. Other earthquakes damaged the Colosseum in 484 CE and 504 CE. Eventually, the Colosseum was restored again and games continued in the arena. The Colosseum was not significantly damaged again until 1349, when another earthquake hit Rome and caused the south side of the Colosseum to collapse. This time, much of the tumbled stones were used to build other things and the Colosseum was not fully repaired. Later, various popes initiated stabilization and restoration projects in the 19th century to avoid further destruction of the Colosseum. For example, the faà §ade was reinforced with triangular bricks to enhance stabilization. Restoration of the interior was started in the early 19th century and was finished by Benito Mussolini in the 1930s. Over time, two-thirds of the Colosseum has been destroyed. The interior has been reconstructed but the faà §ade is still in ruins as half of it is missing. The Colosseum was home to such events as gladiatorial fights, wild animal fights, and other entertainment that was extremely violent. This violence symbolized the idea that no one could beat the Romans. As Lord Byron once wrote, â€Å"While stands the Colosseum, Rome shall stand; When falls the Colosseum, Rome shall fall; And when Rome falls—the world.†7 The Colos seum has become a famous tourist destination and the number one historical site that tourists will never forget when they visit Rome. The Colosseum is the symbol of Rome, as well as one of the most important ancient monuments in the world. ENDNOTES 1. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Accessed May 3,2013 2. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Accessed May 3,2013 3. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaugural_games_of_the_Flavian_Amphitheatre Accessed May 4,2013 4. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Accessed May 3,2013 5. http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20100804/news/308049980 Accessed May 5, 2013 6. http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/water-battles-at-the-colosseum.htm Accessed May 5, 2013 7. http://www.flickr.com/photos/kauphyluvr/6845560363/ Accessed May 8, 2013 BIBLIOGRAPHY Spodek, Howard. The World’s History. Boston: Prentice Hall, 2011. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colosseum Accessed May 3, 2013 http://www.greatbuildings.com/buildings/Roman_Colosseum.html Accessed May 3, 2013 http://www.the-colosseum.net/idx-en.htm Accessed May 3, 2013 http://italy.worldwide-accom.com/rome/colosseum/guides/the-full-history-of-romes-famous-colosseum#.UX2r5LUvmC Accessed May 4, 2013 http://www.history.com/topics/colosseum Accessed May 4, 2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inaugural_games_of_the_Flavian_Amphitheatre Accessed May 4, 2013 http://www.roman-colosseum.info/colosseum/water-battles-at-the-colosseum.htm Accessed May 5, 2013 http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gladiator Accessed May 8, 2013 http://www.dailyherald.com/article/20100804/news/308049980 Accessed May 8, 2013

Blindness in Richard Wrights Native Son Essay -- Native Son Essays

Blindness in Richard Wright's Native Son Does it seem sometimes as if people are ignorant to other feelings? Have you ever had a friend get away with something or toy with someone's thoughts to benefit him or her? Similar types of blindness occur in the novel Native Son by Richard Wright (1940). The story starts in the Great Depression with a poor black family waking up to a foot long rat in their one room apartment. Bigger, the main character, and his younger brother Buddy narrowly kill it without bodily harm. Bigger is supposed to start a job for a rich white man as a chauffeur. Bigger has never really interacted with white people before and is not wanting to be there. After an accident on his first day, he kills the man's daughter and throws her body into their furnace, severing her head from her body to make it fit. He acts like he didn't do anything and slyly puts the blame on Jan, her communist boyfriend, while leaving a ransom note. It almost works until the media finds remnants of her bones in the ashes of the fire. Bigger believes that he will be blamed and runs away with his girlfriend, who he also ends up killing. He ends up being cornered by a mob of white people and taken to jail. His trial is fast and unjust, but he is convicted regardless of the surprising help of Jan and his lawyer. During the course of the novel, there are many instances where people were blinded by the actions of others or did not realize that their actions were negatively affecting their own lives. The following will better explain and demonstrate this. When Bigger first meets Mary, he instantly hates her for her ignorance in prodding him when all he wants is to be left along. Her blindness about his thoughts and feelings makes him hat... ...nd pray because she thinks she is only drunk. This is may be considered somewhat ironic. However, Bigger could also be considered 'blind' in this situation because he doesn't see what he is doing and how it will eventually end his own life. There are other instances where Richard Wright uses 'blindness' as a symbol. Bigger considers the whites 'blind' of blacks and blacks 'blind' of freedom after he kills. During the entire story, the reader senses that Bigger is lost in life. He never understand why he acts the way he does until his lawyer, Max, explains to him why whites seclude blacks and why blacks naturally push back. In the end, everyone is 'blind' for one reason or another. Work Cited "Native Son" Native Son Richard Wright. 30 April 2004. Barnes & Noble. <http://www.sparknotes.com/> Wright, Richard. Native Son. New York: Harper & Row, 1966.